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34th Division (German Empire)
The 34th Division (''34. Division'') was a unit of the Prussian/German Army.〔From the late 1800s, the Prussian Army was effectively the German Army as, during the period of German unification (1866-1871), the states of the German Empire entered into conventions with Prussia regarding their armies and only the Bavarian Army remained fully autonomous.〕 It was formed on April 1, 1890, and was headquartered in Metz (now in France).〔Günter Wegner, ''Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815-1939.'' (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1, p.130; Claus von Bredow, bearb., ''Historische Rang- und Stammliste des deuschen Heeres'' (1905), p.687.〕 The division was subordinated in peacetime to the XVI Army Corps (''XVI. Armeekorps'').〔Bredow, p. 685.〕 The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was recruited heavily in the densely populated Rhine Province and in the Province of Westphalia, as its primary recruiting and garrison area was Lorraine,〔''Generalleutnant'' Bodo Zimmermann, born in Metz, was an officer in this military unit (6th Lothringisches) before 1920.〕 whose German population was insufficient to support the divisions of the XVI Army Corps.
==Combat chronicle==
The 34th Infantry Division fought on the Western Front in World War I. It participated in the initial German offensive and the Allied Great Retreat. In 1916, it fought in the Battle of Verdun. In 1917, it participated in the Second Battle of the Aisne, also known as the Third Battle of Champagne (and to the Germans, as the Double Battle of Aisne-Champagne). It also saw action in the tank battle at Cambrai. In 1918, the division fought in the German Spring Offensive, including the First Battle of the Somme, 1918, also known as the Second Battle of the Somme (after the 1916 battle), and the Battle of St. Quentin. It then fought in the subsequent Allied counteroffensives, including the Oise-Aisne offensive. Allied intelligence rated the division as a good division, one of the best of the second class divisions, and the XVI Army Corps as one of the best in the German Army.〔(34. Infanterie-Division (Chronik 1914/1918) )〕〔''Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919'' (1920), pp. 409-412.〕
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